COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE  @ NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY

Breen Lab @ NCSU

Matthew Breen :: PhD :: C.Biol :: FRSB ::
Professor of Genomics and the Oscar J. Fletcher Distinguished Professor of Comparative Oncology Genetics

Lab Publications

2024

 

  • Livingston, Isabella; Gregory, Taylor; Hawkins, Eleanor; Cave, Ashley; Loyola, Andrea; Vaden, Shelly, Deresienski, Diane; Riofrío-Lazo, Marjorie; Lewbart, Gregory; Paéz-Rosas, Diego; Breen, Matthew  (2024). Molecular Discovery of Filarial Nematode DNA in an Endangered Wild Pinniped (Galapagos sea lion, Zalophus wollebaek). Ecology and Evolution (in press).
  • Megan N. Dillon, Barbara Qurollo, Rachael Thomas, Maddy Warren, Jennifer A. Betz, Timothy A. Mousseau, Norman J. Kleiman, Matthew Breen (2024).  Contrasting pathogen prevalence between tick and dog populations at Chornobyl. Parasites and Vectors14:470 OPEN ACCESS
  • Wise, C, Breen, M, Stapleton, H. (2024). Canine on the Couch – The New Canary in the Coal Mine for Environmental Health Research. Environmental Health International 2(8):517–529. OPEN ACCESS
  • Jong Hyuk Kim; Ashley J. Schulte; Aaron L. Sarver; Mathew G. Angelos; Aric M. Frantz; Colleen L. Foster; Timothy D. O’Brien; Ingrid Cornax; M.Gerard O’Sullivan; Nuojin Cheng; Mitzi Lewellen; LeAnn Oseth; Sunil Kumar; Susan Bullman; Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu; Sagar M. Goyal; Matthew Meyerson; Troy C. Lund; Jessica Alfoldi; Matthew Breen; Kerstin Lindblad-Toh; Erin B. Dickerson; Dan S. Kaufman; Jaime F. Modiano (2024). Hemangiosarcoma Cells Promote Conserved Host-Derived Hematopoietic Expansion  Cancer Research Communications (4(6):1467-1480
  • Morgan A. Maly, Adrienne E. Crosier, Mia M. Keady, Reade B. Roberts, Matthew Breen, and Carly R. Muletz-Wolz (2024). Stability of Fecal Microbiota in a Carnivore, the Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). Microbiota 2 e230022
  • Scheible, M., Stinson, T.L., Breen, M., Callahan, B.J., Thomas, R., Meiklejohn, K.S. (2024). The development of non-destructive sampling methods of parchment skins for genetic species identification. PLoS One  OPEN ACCESS

2023

 

  • Samantha L Badgett; Melissa K.R. Scheible; Isabella G Livingston; Erin P Meredith; Nicholas P Gould; Jennifer Strules; Christopher S DePerno; Colleen Olfenbuttel; Michael K Stoskopf; Matthew Breen; Chad Arnold, Kelly A. Meiklejohn. (2023). Characterizing North Carolina black bear (Ursus americanus) populations using UrsaPlex v2. Journal: Forensic Science International: Animals and Environments Volume 4, December 2023, 100075.
  • Thomas, R., Wiley, C. Droste, E., Robertson, J., Inman, B., Breen, M. (2023). Whole exome sequencing analysis of canine urothelial carcinomas without BRAF V595E mutation: short in-frame deletions in BRAF and MAP2K1 suggest alternative mechanisms for MAPK pathway disruption. PLoS Genetics. April 20th 2023 OPEN ACCESS
  • Dillon, M.N., Thomas, R., Mousseau, T.A., Betz, J.A., Kleiman, N.J., Burford Reiskind, M.O., Breen, M. (2023) Population dynamics and genome-wide selection scan for dogs in Chernobyl. Canine Genetics and Medicine. 10:1 OPEN ACCESS
  • Taylor M. Gregory, Isabella Livingston, Eleanor Hawkins, Andrea Loyola, Ashley Cave, Shelly Vaden, Diane Deresienski, Matthew Breen, Marjorie Riofrío-Lazo, Gregory A. Lewbart, Diego Páez-Rosas. (2023) Dirofilaria immitis identified in Galapagos sea lions: a wildlife health and conservation concern. Journal of Wildlife Disease 59(3):487-494. PUBMED
  • Bray, J., Eward, W., Breen, M. (2023). Defining the relevance of surgical margins. Part two: Strategies to improve prediction of recurrence risk. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology 1‐14. doi:10.1111/vco.12881 PUBMED
  • Spatola, G.J., Buckley, R.M., Dillon, M., Dutrow, E.V., Betz, J.A., Pilot, M., Parker, H.G., Bogdanowicz, W., Thomas, R., Chyzhevskyi, I., Milinevsky, G., Kleiman, N., Breen, M., Ostrander, E.A., Mousseau, T.A. (2023). The dogs of Chernobyl: demographic insights into populations inhabiting the nuclear exclusion zone. Science Advances. 9 (9) DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2537.

2022

  • Jonathan Bray, Will Eward, Matthew Breen. Evaluating the relevance of surgical margins. Part one: The problems with current methodology. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (in press) PMID: 36308442
  • Gregory A Krane, Keith R. Shockley, David E Malarkey, Andrew D Miller, C. Ryan Miller, Debra A Tokarz, Heather L. Jensen, Kyathanahalli S. Janardhan, Matthew Breen, Christopher L Mariani. Inter-pathologist Agreement for Diagnosis of Canine Glioma Vet Comp Onc 20(4):881-889 PMID: 35856268
  • Kara B Carlson, Dustin J Wcisel, Hayley D Ackerman, Jessica Romanet, Emily F Christiansen, Jennifer N Niemuth, Christina Williams, Matthew Breen, Michael K Stoskopf, Alex Dornburg, Jeffrey A Yoder (2022). Transcriptome Annotation Reveals Minimal Immunogenetic Diversity Among Wyoming Toads, Anaxyrus Baxteri. Conservation Genetics 23(4):669-681.
  • Andrew M. Lewis, Jr, Rachael Thomas, Matthew Breen, Keith Peden, Belete Teferedegne, Gideon Foseh, Alison Motsinger-Reif, Daniel Rotroff, Gladys Lewis.  The AGMK1-9T7 cell model of neoplasia: evolution of DNA copy-number aberrations and miRNA expression during transition from normal to metastatic cancer cells. PLoS ONE 17(10): e0275394. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275394
  • Giannuzzi, D, Modiano, J, Breen, M. (2022). Genetics of Hematopoietic Neoplasia. Schlam’s Veterinary Hematology, 7th Edtn, Ch 59:467-470
  • McAloney CA, Zitzer NC, Taikowski KL, Breen M, Kennedy KA, Wellman ML, Hokamp JA. (2022). Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2022 Feb 21;259:1-3. doi: 10.2460/javma.19.09.0453.PMID: 35171815
  • Wise, Catherine, Hammel, Stephanie, Herkert, Nicholas, Ospina, Maria, Calafat, Antonia M., Breen, Matthew; Stapleton, Heather (2022). Comparative Assessment of Pesticide Exposures in Domestic Dogs and Their Owners Using Silicone Passive Samplers and Biomonitoring. Environmental Science & Technology 56: 1149-1161. PMID: 34964617
  • Julia Allwood, Erin Meredith; Christina Lindquist, Matthew Breen (2022). Application of an established canine genotyping method to a sequence-based approach. Forensic Science International: Animals and Environments 1: 100029.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiae.2021.100029

2021

  • Gregory Tawa, John Braisted, Dave Gerhold, Gurmit Grewal, Christina Mazcko, Matthew Breen, Sitta Sittampalam, Amy Leblanc (2021). Proteo-genomics of cancer in canines and humans reveals molecular signatures for drug discovery and blood-based biopsy. Science Translational Medicine 17(9):e1009450 PMID: 34570764
  • Peart, Claire; Williams, Christina ; Pophaly, Saurabh; Neely, Benjamin; Gulland, Frances; Adams, David; Ng, Bee; Cheng, William; Goebel, Michael; Fedrigo, Olivier; Haase, Bettina; Mountcastle, Jacquelyn; Fungtammasan, Arkarachai; Formenti, Giulio; Collins, Joanna; Wood, Jonathan; Sims, Ying; Torrance, James; Tracey, Alan; Howe, Kerstin; Rhie, Arang; Hoffman, Joe; Johnson, Jeremy; Jarvis, Erich; Breen, Matthew*; Wolf, Jochen* (2021). Hi-C scaffolded short and long-read genome assemblies of the California sea lion are broadly consistent for syntenic inference across 45 million years of evolution. Molecular Ecology Resources, June 2021 (DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13443) *Co-senior authors PMID: 34097816  OPEN ACCESS
  • Jong Hyuk Kim, Kate Megquier, Rachael Thomas, Aaron L Sarver, Jung Min Song, Yoon Tae Kim, Nuojin Cheng, Ashley J Schulte, Michael A Linden, Paari Murugan, LeAnn Oseth, Colleen L Forster, Ingegerd Elvers, Ross Swofford, Jason Turner-Maier, Elinor K Karlsson, Matthew Breen, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Jaime F Modiano (2021). Genomically complex human angiosarcoma and canine hemangiosarcoma establish convergent angiogenic transcriptional programs driven by novel gene fusions. Molecular Cancer Research 19(5):847-861.  PMID: 33649193   PMCID: PMC8137578
  • Paul Rossman, Tanja S Zabka, A. Audrey Ruple, Dietrich Tuerck, Jose A. Ramos-Vara, Liling Liu, Rodrigo Mohallem, Mark Merchant, Jackeline Franco, Christopher M. Fulkerson, Ketaki P Bhide, Matthew Breen, Uma K Aryal, Elaine R Murray, Noel Dybdal, Sagar M Utturkar, Lindsey M Fourez, Alexander W. Enstrom, Deepika Dhawan, and Deborah W Knapp (2021). Phase I / II trial of vemurafenib in dogs with naturally-occurring, BRAF-mutated urothelial carcinoma. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 20(11):2177–2188.  PMID: 34433660

2020

  • Rachael Thomas, Joan U Pontius, Luke B Borst, Matthew Breen (2020). Development of a genome-wide oligonucleotide microarray platform for detection of DNA copy number aberrations in feline cancers. Vet. Sci.7(3), 88; OPEN ACCESS.
  • Wise, C.F., Hammel, S.C., Herkert, N, Ma, J, Motsinger-Reif, A., Stapleton, H., Breen, M. (2020). Comparative Exposure Assessment Using Silicone Passive Samplers Indicates Domestic Dogs are Sentinels to Support Human Health Research. Environmental Science and Technology 54(12):7409-7419. PUBMED
  • Camille A. McAloney, Nina C. Zitzer,  Katherine L. Taikowski, Matthew Breen, Katherine A. Kennedy, Maxey L. Wellman, Jessica A. Hokamp (2020). Pathology in Practice: Neutrophilic Exudate with Evidence of Bacterial Infection and Malignant Epithelial Neoplasia in Peritoneal Effusion in a Dog. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (in press).
  • Julia Allwood, Noah Fierer, Robert Dunn, Matthew Breen, Brian Reich, Eric Laber, Jesse Clifton, Neal Grantham, Seth Faith (2020). Use of standardized bioinformatics for the analysis of fungal DNA signatures applied to sample provenance. Forensic Science International (in press). PUBMED
  • Benoît Hédan, Mélanie Rault, Jérôme Abadie, Ronan Ulvé, Nadine Botherel, Christiane Copie-Bergman, Marie Parrens, Emmanuelle Lechapt Zalcman, Gandhi Damaj, Karima Mokhtari, François Le Loarer, Thomas Derrien, Christophe Hitte, Laura Bachelot, David Gilot, Matthew Breen, Jean-Yves Blay, Jean-Francois Emile, Jean Donadieu, and Catherine André. (2020). PTPN11 mutations in canine and human disseminated histiocytic sarcoma. International Journal of Cancer (in press). On line 25 March 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.32991
  • Erin Lashnits, Pradeep Neupane, Julie M. Bradley, Toni Richardson, Rachael Thomas, Keith E. Linder, Matthew Breen, Ricardo G. Maggi, Edward B. Breitschwerdt (2020). Molecular prevalence of Bartonella, Babesia, and hemotropic Mycoplasma species in dogs with hemangiosarcoma from across the United States. Plos One.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227234

2019

  • Michael L. Fisher, Jay F. Levine, James S. Guy, Hiroyuki Mochizuki, Matthew Breen, Coby Schal and David W. Watson. (2019). Lack of influence by endosymbiont Wolbachia on virus titer in the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius. Parasites and Vectors12:436 PMID: 31500667 PUBMED
  • Kate Megquier, Jason Turner-Maier, Ross Swofford, Jong-Hyuk Kim, Aaron Sarver, Chao Wang, Sharadha Sakthikumar, Jeremy Johnson, Michele Koltookian, Mitzi Lewellen, Milcah Scott, Ashley Graef, Luke Borst, Noriko Tonomura, Jessica Alföldi, Corrie Painter, Rachael Thomas, Elinor Karlsson, Matthew Breen, Jaime Modiano, Ingegerd Elvers, and Kerstin Lindblad-Toh.(2019) Genomic analysis reveals shared genomic landscape between canine hemangiosarcoma and human angiosarcoma. Molecular Cancer Research 17(12):2410-2421. PMID: 31570656 PUBMED
  • Claire Wiley, Catherine Wise, Matthew Breen, Novel Noninvasive Diagnostics. (2019). Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 49:5, 781-791. PMID: 31280902 PUBMED
  • Katherine Kennedy, Rachael Thomas, Jessica Durrant, Tao Jiang, Alison Motsinger-Reif, and Matthew Breen (2019). DNA copy number and targeted transcriptional analysis of canine histiocytic malignancies identifies diagnostic signatures and highlights disruption of spindle assembly complex. Chromosome Research 27(3):179-202. PMID: 31011867 PUBMED

2018

  • Michael L. Fisher, David W. Watson, Jason A. Osborne, Hiroyuki Mochizuki,Matthew Breen, Coby Schal (2018). Growth kinetics of endosymbiont Wolbachia in the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius. Scientific Reports (2018) 8:11444 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-29682-2
  • Antonella Borgatti, Joseph S. Koopmeiners, Aaron L. Sarver, Amber L. Winter, Kathleen Stuebner Deborah Todhunter, Anthony Rizzardi, Jonathan C. Henriksen, Stephen Schmechel, Colleen L. Forster, Jong-Hyuk Kim, Jerry Froelich, Jillian Zientek, Michael Henson, Matthew Breen, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Jaime F. Modiano, Daniel A. Vallera (2017). Sarcoma Therapy Simultaneously Targeting EGFR and uPAR with a Recombinant Bispecific Angiotoxin Improves Survival while Abating Toxicity Associated with EGFR Targeting. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics (in press).
  • N.J.N. Goncalves,  F.F. Bressan, K.C.S. Roballo, F.V. Meirelles,  P.L.P. Xavier, H. Fukumasu, C. Williams, M. Breen, S. Kohe, R. Sper, J. Piedrahita, C.E. Ambr.sio. (2017). Generation of LIF-independent induced pluripotent stem cells from canine fetalfibroblasts. Theriogenology 92: 75-82.
  • Matthew Breen, Claire Wiley, Shelly Vaden, Cynthia Cole. Liquid Biopsy in Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Focus, June 2018.
  • William P. D. Hendricks, Victoria Zismann, Karthigayini Sivaprakasam, Christophe Legendre, Kelsey Poorman, Waibhav Tembe, Jeffrey Kiefer, Winnie Liang, Valerie DeLuca, Mitchell Stark, Alison Ruhe, Roe Froman, Nicholas Duesbury, Megan Washington, Jessica Aldrich, Mark Neff, Matthew Huentelman, Nicholas Hayward, Kevin Brown, Douglas Thamm, Gerry Post, Chand Khanna, Barbara Davis, Matthew Breen, Aleksandar Sekulic, Jeffrey Trent (2018). Somatic inactivating PTPRJ mutations and dysregulated pathways identified in canine melanoma by integrated comparative genomic analysis. PLOS Genetics; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007589
  • Sharadha Sakthikumar, Ingegerd Elvers, Jaegil Kim, Maja L. Arendt, Rachael Thomas, Jason Turner-Maier, Ross Swofford, Jeremy Johnson, Steven E. Schumacher, Jessica Alföldi, Erik Axelsson, C. Guillermo Couto, William C. Kisseberth, Mats E. Pettersson, Gad Getz, Jennifer R.S. Meadows, Jaime F. Modiano, Matthew Breen, Marcin Kierczak, Karin Forsberg-Nilsson, Voichita D. Marinescu and Kerstin Lindblad-Toh (2018). SETD2 Is Recurrently Mutated in Whole-Exome Sequenced Canine Osteosarcoma. Cancer Res; 78(13); 3421–3431.
  • Eleftheria Palkopoulou, Mark Lipson, Swapan Mallick, Svend Nielsen, Nadin Rohland, Sina Baleka, Emil Karpinski, Atma M. Ivancevic, Thu-Hien To, R. Daniel Kortschak, Joy M. Raison, Zhipeng Qu, Tat-Jun Chin, Kurt W. Alt, Stefan Claesson, Love Dalen, Ross MacPhee, Harald Meller, Alfred L. Roca, Oliver Ryder, David Heiman, Sarah Young, Matthew Breen, Christina Williams, Bronwen L. Aken, Magali Ruffier, Elinor Karlsson, Jeremy Johnson, Federica Di Palma, Jessica Alfoldi, David L. Adelson, Thomas Mailund, Kasper Munch, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Michael Hofreiter, Hendrik Poinar and David Reich (2018). A comprehensive genomic history of the extinct and extant elephants. PNAS Feb 2018
  • Paul R. Reid, Clinton George, Christopher M. Byrd, Laura Miller, Stephen J. Lee, Alison Motsinger-Reif, Matthew Breen, Daniel W. Hayduk (2018). Blood Lead Toxicity Analysis of Multipurpose Canines and Military Working Dogs. J Spec. Ops Med.18(1) 18-80.

2017

  • Marta Santos, Patrícia Dias-Pereira, Christina Williams, Carlos Lopes, Matthew Breen (2017). Malignant canine mammary tumours: Preliminary genomic insights using oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridisation analysis. The Vet Journal 222:68-71
  • Antonella Borgatti, Joseph S. Koopmeiners, Aaron L. Sarver, Amber L. Winter, Kathleen Stuebner Deborah Todhunter, Anthony Rizzardi, Jonathan C. Henriksen, Stephen Schmechel, Colleen L. Forster, Jong-Hyuk Kim, Jerry Froelich, Jillian Zientek, Michael Henson, Matthew Breen, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Jaime F. Modiano, Daniel A. Vallera (2017). Sarcoma Therapy Simultaneously Targeting EGFR and uPAR with a Recombinant Bispecific Angiotoxin Improves Survival while Abating Toxicity Associated with EGFR Targeting. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 16(5):956-965.
  • N.J.N. Goncalves,  F.F. Bressan, K.C.S. Roballo, F.V. Meirelles,  P.L.P. Xavier, H. Fukumasu, C. Williams, M. Breen, S. Kohe, R. Sper, J. Piedrahita, C.E. Ambr.sio. (2017). Generation of LIF-independent induced pluripotent stem cells from canine fetalfibroblasts. Theriogenology 92: 75-82.
  • Hiroyuki Mochizuki, Rachael Thomas, Scott Moroff, Matthew Breen (2017). Genomic profiling of canine mast cell tumors identifies DNA copy number aberrations associated with KIT mutations and high histological grade. Chromosome Research 25(2): 129–143.
  • Hiroyuki Mochizuki, Alison Motsinger-Reif, Chuck Bettini, Scott Moroff, Matthew Breen (2017). Association of Breed and Histopathological Grade in Canine Mast Cell Tumors. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology 15(3), 829-839.
  • M. Taylor Hensley, Junnan Tang, Kathleen Woodruff, Teresa Defrancesco, Bruce Keen, Sandra Tou, Christina M. Williams, Mathew Breen, Kathryn Meurs, Ke Cheng (2017). Intracoronary allogeneic cardiosphere-derived stem cells are safe for use in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 21(8):1503-1512
  • Im KS, Graef AJ, Breen M, Lindblad-Toh K, Modiano JF, Kim JH (2017). Interactions between CXCR4 and CXCL12 promote cell migration and invasion of canine hemangiosarcoma. (2015). Vet Comp Oncol. 15(2):315-327 PubMed link.
  • Ji-Hey Lim, Sehwon Koh, Rachael Thomas, Matthew Breen, Natasha J. Olby. (2017) Evaluation of gene expression and DNA copy number profiles of adipose tissue derived stromal cells and consecutive neural progenitors generated from dogs with naturally occurring spinal cord injury. AJVR 78(3):371-380
  • Rachael Thomas, Zoltan Demeter, Katherine A. Kennedy, Luke Borst, Kuldeep Singh, Victor E. Valli, Kevin Le Boedec, Matthew Breen (2017). Integrated Immunohistochemical and DNA Copy Number Profiling Analysis Provides Insight into the Molecular Pathogenesis of Canine Follicular Lymphoma. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology 15(3): 852–867.
  • Hiroyuki Mochizuki and Matthew Breen (2017). Sequence analysis of RAS and BRAF mutation hot spots in canine carcinoma. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology 15(4); 1598–1605.

2016

  • Seelig, D., Ito D., Forster, C., Yoon, U., Breen, M., Burns, L., Bachanova, V.,  Lindblad-Toh, K., O’Brien, T., Schmechel, S., Rizzardi, A., Modiano, J., Linden, M. Constitutive activation of alternative nuclear factor kappa B pathway in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma contributes to tumor cell survival and is a target of new adjuvant therapies. Leukemia and Lymphoma 1-9. DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1260122.
  • Amy K. LeBlanc, Christina Mazcko, Diane B. Brown, Jennifer W. Koehler, Andrew D. Miller, C. Ryan Miller, R. Timothy Bentley, Rebecca A. Packer, Matthew Breen, Beth Boudreau, Jonathan M. Levine, Mark R. Simpson, Charles Halsey, William Kisseberth, John H. Rossmeisl Jr., Peter J. Dickinson, Timothy Fan, Kara Corps, Kenneth Aldape, Vinay Puduvalli, Mark R. Gilbert (2016). Creation of an NCI Comparative Brain Tumor Consortium: Informing the translation of new knowledge from canine to human brain tumor patients. Journal of Neuro Oncology (in press)
  • Rachael Thomas, Zoltan Demeter, Katherine A. Kennedy, Luke Borst, Kuldeep Singh, Victor E. Valli, Kevin Le Boedec, Matthew Breen. Integrated Immunohistochemical and DNA Copy Number Profiling Analysis Provides Insight Into the Molecular Pathogenesis of Canine Follicular Lymphoma. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology 15(3): 852–867.
  • Katherine Kennedy, Rachael Thomas, Matthew Breen (2016). Canine histiocytic malignancies. Challenges and opportunities. Veterinary Sciences 3(1), 2
  • A.K.LeBlanc, M.Breen, P.Choyke, M.Dewhirst, T.M.Fan, D.L.Gustafson, L.J.Helman, M.B.Kastan, D.W.Knapp, W.J.Levin, C.London, N.Mason, C.Mazcko, P.N.Olson, R.Page, B.A.Teicher, D.H.Thamm, J.M.Trent, D.M.Vail, C.Khanna. (2016) Perspectives from man’s best friend: National Academy of Medicine’s Workshop on Comparative Oncology. Sci. Transl. Med. 8,324ps5.
  • Hiroyuki Mochizuki, Susan G. Shapiro, Matthew Breen (2015). Detection of copy number imbalance in canine urothelial carcinoma using droplet digital PCR. Veterinary Pathology 53(4) 764-772.